The Contemporary Hospitality Industry Assignment - 1

The Contemporary Hospitality Industry - Assignment Example Since then things have changed to a great extent and to comply with it changes hospitality industry has witnessed significant amount of developments. The industry which functions today in the marketplace is quite different from the one that used to operate during the early days. Currently, the hospitality industry is dubbed as one of the growing industries of the world and is characterized as dynamic. The hospitality sector is a bigger term and encompasses a large number of industries within itself (Clark, Hartline and Jones, 2009). For example, catering industry, hotels and a certain segment of the service industry falls within the hospitality industry. In addition, the tours and travel industry also falls into this sector. After the liberalization of the world economy, the industry has witnessed booming growth. Furthermore, efforts by respective governments have greatly helped in promoting hospitality industry and to add to that steady growth in the tours and travel industry facili tated the overall growth of the hospitality sector. Hence, it is evident that presently hospitality industry operates on a large scale and scope and along with that encompasses a huge diversity (Brownell, 2009). Figure 1 – Hospitality Industry share (Source: Sykes, 2011) The diagram above clearly shows that the industry is presently witnessing a steady growth and it is expected that in the next few years the rate of growth will actually double. Analysts predict that if the tours and travelling industry grows, other industries such as hotel will grow parallel with it (Ellis and Stipanuk, 1999). Hence, it can be concluded that with better marketing efforts, quality services and better customer service it is obvious that the industry will grow at a robust rate. If a comparison with other industries is carried out, many differences can be identified. However, one of the most evident one appears in the form of organizational structure. Every company belonging to the hospitality se ctor, irrespective of their size and complexity embraces an organizational structure that enables the organization to carry out daily operation. Usually, such companies employ a large number of people with a variety of skill sets, yet this diversity of the workforce is organized in different ways. In general, companies belonging to this sector follow functional organizational structure where the organization embraces separate department for each specialized activity. This increase the operational efficiencies of the company and at the same time allow them in providing high rate of satisfaction to the customers. Below is an example of the typical organizational structure followed by the hotel industry. Figure 2 – Organizational Chart (Source: Hotelmule, 2009) A review of the organizations and professional bodies in the hospitality industry Every stakeholder group has certain functions of the organization that helps an organization to operate efficiently in the marketplace. A s takeholder is a person, a group or an organization that can be affected or can affect the action of an organization. A stakeholder of a firm can be its suppliers, business partners, employees, consumers, lenders, investors, shareholder as well as the government. Each of this group somehow plays proactive roles in running the daily operation of a firm. However, the roles and responsibilities depend upon the degree of association. For example, a manager’s role is considered as vital in driving customers and ensuring a high level of customer

A voice, a mystery Essay Example for Free

A voice, a mystery Essay William Wordsworths To the Cuckoo and John Keats Ode to a nightingale are comparable in many different aspects. The two poems have striking similarities and appear akin to one another. Both poems are likely to be written in related styles; both Wordsworth and Keats wrote in the same era, and were both Romantic Poets. They are also both poets of similar stature and regarded to be of similar ability. They both talk of similar a subject matter, a bird that is personally special. There are parallels to be drawn, but there are also many ways in which the poems contrast. It becomes clear that both poets perceive and respond to their subjects rather differently, and that the poems differ in meaning, direction and quality. The nucleus of both poems is a bird, Keats writes of a nightingale and Wordsworth of a Cuckoo. Birds are very modest and insignificant creatures, yet both poets have used them to extensively express emotion. To these poets their respective birds are extraordinary and important. Neither poet refers to one particular creature, but they both use the species of bird representatively. It is not their fondness for the bird as if it were a pet, a domestic animal, but their fondness of the free animal species that inspires them. It is important to acknowledge that although both poets, especially Wordsworth enjoy using lavish description, neither describes the physical appearance of the bird. They are both using the birds as metaphors, as symbols. Wordsworth makes the bird an invisible thing/ a voice, a mystery He does not see the bird, he can only hear it. This is to enhance the metaphorical strength of the bird. Keats similarly does not feel the need to describe the nightingale. Whereas Wordsworth does this to make his image more mystical and ambiguous, to Keats it does not matter what it looks like, it is the nightingales spirit he writes about. He talks primarily about its manner and its ways. Wordsworth also makes the cuckoo seem more divine and more powerful by using Voice and Cry with capital letters. This makes the sound of the cuckoo personify the bird and what it represents. The cuckoo is not regarded as beautiful physically, so he chooses to show it and even call it by its voice, O Cuckoo! shall I call thee bird, Or but a wondering Voice. Keats also points out the nightingales singing capacity, creating audible and not only visual imagery, Singest of summer in full-throated ease. The way the two poets perceive and react to their subjects is where the two poets vary greatly. It is relevant that in Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth says the following: Of eye and ear, both what they half create, And what perceive Both poets do follow this idea. They use imagination to expand on what they see and do so in different directions. The fact that Wordsworth does not see the Cuckoo means he can invent and expand greatly. Both poets are clearly partial to the birds, but show different attitudes towards them. Wordsworth longs for the bird, he needs the bird and is fond of it. Keats insists he is not jealous, Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thy happiness However, he certainly shows contempt towards the bird and expresses an unhappy longing which borders on envy. In essence, the bird is part of Wordsworth. It is part of his past. He is yearning for his past so he longs for the cuckoo. The cuckoo is the symbol for his past. It is something he has left, something that has not changed. The same whom in my schoolboy days, I listend to

Causes of Software Crisis

Causes of Software Crisis This paper justifies the symptoms and primary causes of software crisis. You will see that the writer made a comparison of software crisis in different countries. We took the information from different articles published in UK, USA and Canada. The findings and suggestions are described at the end to minimise the risk involved while planning and developing a software project. Introduction We begin with the symptoms of Software crisis. Evidence is provided by the documents produced by US military on software crisis. Furthermore, Charelle, (2005) has complied some more astounding failure statistics of software crisis. We have also discussed the major causes of the software crisis and the description of those causes. The major factor of causing failure in Software management projects is lack of coordination between the teams itself. In last two decades the technology trend is going upward and small and big organizations are adopting the latest technologies and techniques to improve their output productivity. This report reflects the major symptoms and causes of a software crisis along with their description. In the end of the report we conclude with the suggestions to improve the whole process to avoid software crisis. Symptoms of Software Crisis Many researchers agree software project failures occur more frequently than they should, some of them have tinted a crisis within the software industry (Conte et al, 1986; DeMarco, 1982). To assess the success or failure of the project express on cost, delivery time, and quality, Glass (1998) highlighted these three main aspects. Circumstantial evidence is used to highlight the symptoms and primary causes of project failure which creates serious concerns. Comparison of software crisis between different countries The other main cause of software crisis is that the machines have become more powerful, if we compare with the past we had a few computer programming with a minor problem in software. Now we have huge computer programming with an equally huge problem in software. Some documents have been written to describe the failure of software project by US military and most of the software problem which had been identified in military area is the same in private sector. In this report the given table explain the major causes of software crisis, in 2001-2002 actual cost of National Insurance Recording System 2, Probation Service Crain, and Child Support Agency project increased for the reason of delays in project time, increase in actual costs and change of the system. Over cost of amount  £ 40.4 million increased in the project of (NIRS2) and same problem occurred in the project of (PSC) and an extra amount of  £ 50 million spent on the project of (CSA) to improve the system. Overall the cau ses of software crisis are linked to the complexity of hardware and software development process. Some other further evidence shows that in 2001, a planned project for Immigration and National Directorate was cancelled since department analyzed that new system would be more complex and needs an amount of  £ 77million for the implementation of the project that is difficult for the department to pay such huge amount for this project. In the dates of 2001/2002, another new issue of fraud was highlighted in the software project of Individual Learning Accounts; it was a Flagship Training Scheme and an amount of  £ 66.9 million was fixed for its implementation. In the sequence of heavy budgeted costs a software project for Defence Logistics Organization in the year of 2002 was suspended on the reason of insufficient funds to start this heavy cost project of an amount of  £ 120 million. In the table shows that in the year 1999 a software project for Passport Agency a cost of  £ 12. 6 million was suspended behind estimating high actual costs. In the prospect of high costs of software, in 1999 Home office scrapped the project that had been planned for improvement in prison services, estimated costs for this software project was about  £ 8 million. In the year 2002, a software project Libra for linkup the magistrates was under consideration and required an amount of  £ 134 million for implementation of this project. Overall in all above evidences, it shows that crisis of software apparent itself in several ways: Additionally, Charette (2005) has compiled some more shocking failure in project software it seems that project failure is not a problem of big companies and industries but software problem is occurred widely in small companies, in commercial and non-profit organizations and government departments. Software crisis occur caused by increasingly complexity in hardware and project failure seen to be universal. In the 2nd given tale shows that in 1993 a software project for London Ambulance Service was cancelled after second attempt, and in the same year in USA a project was mad for Allstate Insurance Company after a costing of high amount of $ 130 million abandoned the office automation system. London Stock Exchange cancelled its project of Tarus stock settlement system after costing of huge amount of $ 600 million. In the last few years various process and methodologies have been developed to control the software crises. However, it is widely agreed that there is no constant solution. W ith a heavy cost budget of $ 44 million and $ 2.6 billion on the project of DMV system for state of California and project for Federal Aviation Administration cancelled in 1994. In 1995 Toronto Stock Exchange cancelled it planned project for installation of Electronic trading system, project cost was estimated about $ 25.5 million. In 1996 a project of Arianespace (France) in the reason of error in the software, 5 rockets explode and huge amount of $ 350 were expended. A project of $ 40 million in 1997 was cancelled by the State of Washington that had planned for department of motor vehicle. In the same year International revenue (USA) cancelled its project that was for Tax modernization effort, an amount of $4.0 billion was estimated for implementation of this project. Snap-on Inc, (USA) an amount of $ 50 million wasted in the software failure occurred in the order- entry system in 1998. In the year, 1999 software problem occurred with ERP system in the project of Hershy Food Corpo ration (USA), and an amount of $ 151 million was invested. Software for Tax system was cancelled in date of 1999 by the State of Mississippi (USA) and project was about $ 11.2 million. A cost of $ 12 million was cancelled in 1999 by the United Way (USA) a software project was designed for the process of administration system. In the year 2000, huge spent of money for city payroll system abandoned, due to failure in the software in Washington DC. In USA, Nike Inc 2001, about $ 100 million lost in the reason of software problem in the supply-change management system. In Australia 2002 software project for Sydney Water Corporation to maintain the billing system was cancelled, project cost was about 33.2 million. In 2003/4 AT T Wireless (USA) faced deficiency spent of $ 100 million in up gradation of software for improved customer relation management. In 2004 Hewlet- Packard Company invested $ 160 million for ERP system, but still persist unsolved problem in its software. An amount of $ 527 million invested in the planned project of 1Sainsbury PLC (UK) in 2004, because of that software problem company abandoned the supply chain management system. In general, large software projects are more complicated than small software project. In 2005 Canadian company Hudson Bay faced a big software problem in inventory system; an amount of $ 33.3 million was invested for this project. For conducting a comprehensive survey 250 UK based organization had been selected to find out the defined software failure as: A project that has failed significantly to achieve its objectives and or has exceeded its original budget by at least 30% Major reasons of project failure in above mentioned countries Projects running over budget. Software was not up to the needs. Projects taking too long to complete or unnecessary delays. Substandard Production. Unable to meet the specific requirements. Difficult to operate and maintain.. Over budgeting. Primary cause of Software Crisis In the result of survey they found that nearby 62% of these selected organizations had at least one major software failure, these were considered primary causes of failure and have been updated by Glass (1998). Description of Causes by (Glass, 1998) The objectives were not clear. Improper table work. Not having the proper feel of the organization. Lack of project management methodology. HR laps or insufficient skilled staff. Coordination gaps between venders. Performance and efficiency issues. A list of primary casual factors has been produced by (Charette, 2005). Description of Causes by (Charette, 2005) Bad planning or run time decisions. Lack of documentation. Improper assessment. Incorrect estimates of needed resources. Impractical project goals. Not a good communication among customers, developers and users. Use of undeveloped technology. Inability to handle the projects complexity. Not a good project management. Stakeholder politics. Commercial pressure. Conclusion We can conclude that the most of the project failures were due to the coordination gaps between the technical project management team and the business decisions. We can overcome this crisis by better monitoring; during the assessment, planning, designing, production, implementation and maintenance phases. We can achive the goal of a successful and on time product by developing better understanding and coordination between the higher management and technical team. Its all about taking right decision at the right time and at the right place.

Beowulf - His Last Words :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Beowulf - His Last Words In the society in which the poem Beowulf takes place, war and kingship are normal factors in daily life. Beowulf's world is a very violent society with wars as a dominant part of daily life. Dragons and monsters are a constant threat to the Danes and the Geats. Warriors are a necessity to this war-like society. Beowulf is a hero and an example of a great warrior. He fights against monsters. In the section of the poem we are about to discuss, Beowulf is ready to fight a dragon with his thane Wiglaf. He is going to fight a dragon . Beowulf has no fear of the dragon, because he has fought many enemies that were much more ferocious. For example one of Beowulf's great battles is the fight with Grendel. No one other than Beowulf is brave enough or strong enough volunteer to fight Grendel. We are now about to enter a new age of Beowulf's life. With all his great achievements, he finally becomes king of his homeland: Geatland. Even in his old age, his code of honor still obligates him to fight against an evil, fiery dragon. For fifty years he has governed his kingdom well. While Beowulf is governing, the dragon "...kept watch over a hoard, a steep stone-barrow" (Norton 55). Under it lays a path concealed from the sight of men. Over centuries no one had disturbed the dragons kingdom until one day when a thief broke into the treasure, laid hand on a cup fretted with gold This infuriated the dragon. "The fiery dragon had destroyed the people's stronghold, the land along the sea, the heart of the country" (Norton 57). Wiglaf is the only person who stays with Beowulf to serve his lord and to fight the dragon. Everyone else becomes cowardly and runs into the forest to hide from the dragon. It turns out that Beowulf's sword can not even penetrate the dragon. The dragon gets the best of Beowulf, he "...seized all his neck with his sharp fangs: he was smeared with life-blood, gore welled out in waves" (Norton 62). Wiglaf, then, summons his wits and they killed the dragon: "The wound which the dragon had dealt him began to burn and swell; at once he felt dire evil boil in his breast within him"( Norton 62). Our hero is finally defeated. Even though he is seriously injured, he still had the strength to break the fifty foot dragon in half.

Introduction speech Essay

On September 30, 1993, a miracle that was unexpected happened. I’m going to tell you about an amazing and wonderful person; me!! I’ve known this person my entire life. Many people can consider me many things. Today I’ll tell you about my daughter, Vanessa, my family, and some of my hobbies. Now let me tell you about my daughter. My daughter Vanessa Rose was born on May 13, 2005, she weighed 7 pounds, she was 20 inches long, and born at 6:15 in the morning. She is now 2 Â ½ years old. I got her first name Vanessa from the little mermaid from the evil girl that took Ariel’s voice away from her and tried to steal her prince. I got her middle name Rose from the flower. It’s my favorite flower and it fit with her first name. Vanessa and I have a really close bond. We enjoy playing on her little computer, playing blocks, teaching her colors, teaching her the alphabet, and her numbers and shapes. She’s very active and loves to help clean, read books, color, and dance. There’s never a day that she sits still. My plans for Vanessa are simple, I want her to make the best out of her life, make mistakes in order to learn from them, go to school , graduate, get a career, get married, have kids, and die of a natural cause at a very old age. Now here’s a little bit about my family. I live with my mom, my stepdad, my little sister, and Vanessa. My mom, Kim, and I have a strained relationship, even though I’m her daughter, it’s very hard for her to understand that I am a mother and need to do things on my own without her help. But she’s still my mom and even though I don’t show that I appreciate her as much as she wishes I would, I do appreciate her for everything she’s done for me. My stepdad, Jim, and I have an odd relationship; even though he and my mom aren’t married he’s like another dad to me. Although my dad is still in the picture he’s not there for me as much as Jim is for me. I appreciate him a lot and thank him for being there for me. My little sister, Gabi, and I have a strong relationship. I’m always looking out for her and she always looks out for me. I trust I can tell her a secret and she won’t tell anyone else. She also can tell me secrets and she knows I won’t tell anyone either. She looks up to me as a role model and she always wants to be included. Even though she may bug me at times, I still love her to death and would go to the ends of the world and back. Now I’m going to tell you about some of my hobbies and what I like to do. A couple things I like to do are watch TV and movies, play on the computer, spend time with my daughter, spend time with my boyfriend, listen to music, text on my phone, and sleep. I like to watch TV and movies with my family and my boyfriend. On the computer I go on Facebook and MySpace everyday. I listen to all different types of music. What I listen to depends on the mood that I’m in. My favorite TV show is Family Guy because they’re really funny and my favorite characters are Stewie and Brian. My favorite movie is The Titanic because it’s really sad but romantic at the same time. It also shows that the worst of times can be changed into the best times of your life. In conclusion, today I’ve told you about my daughter, my family, and my hobbies. I’m an amazing and wonderful person. Many people can consider me many things and I hope that you can come to understand me better by hearing this.

Computer Technology is Here to Stay essays

Computer Technology is Here to Stay essays Computers have gone long way from its first invention to todays high speed machine that plays big role in mathematical modeling to the fields of medicine. Further down as the computers reduced in sizes they took on different purposes in communication, digital media (photography and now DVD), shopping and banking online, and control systems in cars. There is hardly anybody around who can say their lives haven't been influenced by computers. Computers have all but taken over society as we know it. Everywhere you look, computers have greatly improved our lives. The Internet is a technique of communication and a resource of information that has become trendier among educated and those who like to just surf the information superhighway. This in turn has created new modes of keeping in-touch and relaying data and video contents at a lower cost. There are also problems being created with this much information being accessible to general public. Some of these problems are related to spread of pornographic, and hate materials over the internet. The governments throughout the world are pushing for censorship. But a portion of the public does not want the government to regulate the Internet. The computer crimes that started in the 70s have become more and more widespread mainly due to the advancement in the computer technology and the unregulated access to the internet. Some computer crimes are committed by outside individuals that hack into a computer system. These are individuals that generally steal protected information and cause data loss by vandalism. The only way to prevent this kind of crime is to have the international community of countries implement a treaty that would regulate the use of internet. The birth of computer goes way back into human technological evolution. The very first computer is thought to be invented in China3. The Chinese adding machine as it is called didnt have any electronic parts3...

scarlet letter essay essays

scarlet letter essay essays Through out Nathaniel Hawthones The Scarlet Letter, the main characters suffer psychological damage as a result of different forms of alienation. The character traits they posses make them more susceptible to certain types of alienation. Since Dimmesdale cannot reveal his secret to anyone, he can not share his pain. All the pent up guilt he has stored with in eats away at him, slowly deteriorating his body and soul. Dimmesdales masochistic and pious attributes greatly contribute to the extent of his alienation. For the reverend it was essential to his peace to feel the pressure of a faith about him. This need for punishment coupled with religious devotion gives reason for Dimmesdales secrecy. Hiding his intimate self from other people bestows Dimmesdale the punishment he so desperately seeks. His mental breakdown stemming from his social alienation is most clearly shown in the chapter the The Ministers Vigil. His self-torture leads him to walk under the influence of a species of somnambulism, thinking irrationally in a way not like himself. His pent up agony causes Dimmesdale to act out in ways like this that could reveal his secret. Dimmesdales psychological agony partly stems from a form of spiritual alienation. As a minister, he has a close relationship with God and has a strong sense of spirituality. Due to his sin, his relationship with God suffers in the way that his sin separates him from the teachings of Jesus. Without the virtue and purity he once held, Dimmesdale views himself unworthy in the eyes of God. While lying on the forest floor, Dimmesdale utters The judgment of God is on me, he is too mighty for me to struggle with! To close this gap of isolation between God and himself, Dimmesdale commits acts of penance to relieve his sin. His acceptance of Chillingworths torture and his use of the ...